Definition of "centrifuge"

A device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.  examples

(figuratively) An apparatus in which humans are spun to simulate acceleration in an aircraft or spacecraft.  examples

By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)  examples

To rotate something in a centrifuge, typically in order to separate its constituents.  examples